Intervertebral disc herniations

Intervertebral disc herniations are a condition where a gel-like material (nucleus) protrudes from the intervertebral disc. This output can cause pressure on the surrounding nerve fibers and cause various symptoms as a result. The most common symptoms include back pain, numbness, weakness or tingling in the limbs, and sometimes problems with urination and defecation.
The causes of herniated intervertebral discs are diverse. It can be age-related degenerative changes, repeated straining of the back in unnatural positions, sudden injury caused by, for example, a fall, rapid movement or excess weight which increases pressure on the spine.
Diagnosis of this condition usually involves an examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scan to identify the location and degree of the herniation. Treatment can be conservative, for example in the form of anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy, or surgical in cases where quality of life is significantly impaired.